Are there fundamental repeating patterns in ML techniques across modalities (text, image, audio) that let us group them? [R]

I’ve been noticing that a lot of techniques seem to repeat across modalities with just a different name. For example, tokenisation, masking (MLM / MAE / audio masking), diffusion, next-token / next-frame prediction, etc. Is there an existing taxonomy or mental model that groups ML techniques by their underlying pattern rather than by modality (NLP / vision / audio)? This will help me to group the research papers and then make reference to work already done in that domain submitted by /u/OkCampaign8400 [link] [comments]